Riemann sums

This is one of the more complex examples. It draws Riemann partitions from point a to point b. While computing the partitions, their areas are summed up to show how the Riemann approximation compares to the true area under the given curve.

In this example, some extra markup is used outside of Mafs to provide some inputs into the Mafs visualization. This is common, and recommended! Movable points are not the only way to provide inputs to Mafs.

Partitions:

import {
  Mafs,
  useMovablePoint,
  FunctionGraph,
  Polygon,
  Text,
  CartesianCoordinates,
} from "mafs"

import sumBy from "lodash.sumby"
import range from "lodash.range"

interface Partition {
  polygon: [number, number][]
  area: number
}

function RiemannSum() {
  const maxNumPartitions = 200

  // Inputs
  const [numPartitions, setNumPartitions] = useState(40)
  const lift = useMovablePoint([0, -1], {
    constrain: "vertical",
  })
  const a = useMovablePoint([1, 0], {
    constrain: "horizontal",
  })
  const b = useMovablePoint([11, 0], {
    constrain: "horizontal",
  })

  // The function
  const wave = (x: number) =>
    Math.sin(3 * x) + x ** 2 / 20 - 2 + lift.y + 2
  const integral = (x: number) =>
    (1 / 60) * (x ** 3 - 20 * Math.cos(3 * x)) + lift.y * x

  // Outputs
  const exactArea = integral(b.x) - integral(a.x)
  const dx = (b.x - a.x) / numPartitions
  const partitions: Partition[] = range(
    a.x,
    b.x - dx / 2,
    dx
  ).map((x) => {
    const yMid = wave(x + dx / 2)

    return {
      polygon: [
        [x, 0],
        [x, yMid],
        [x + dx, yMid],
        [x + dx, 0],
      ],
      area: dx * yMid,
    }
  })

  const areaApprox = sumBy(partitions, "area")

  return (
    <>
      <Mafs
        xAxisExtent={[-1.75, 12.75]}
        yAxisExtent={[-3.75, 10.25]}
      >
        <CartesianCoordinates subdivisions={2} />

        <FunctionGraph.OfX y={wave} color="#358CF1" />

        {partitions.map((partition, index) => (
          <Polygon
            key={index}
            points={partition.polygon}
            fillOpacity={numPartitions / maxNumPartitions}
            color={
              partition.area >= 0
                ? "hsl(112, 100%, 47%)"
                : "hsl(0, 100%, 47%)"
            }
          />
        ))}

        <Text x={1.2} y={5.5} size={20}>
          Midpoint Riemann sum:
        </Text>

        <Text x={1.2} y={4.5} size={30}>
          {areaApprox.toFixed(4)}
        </Text>

        <Text x={1.2} y={3.5} size={20}>
          True area:
        </Text>

        <Text x={1.2} y={2.5} size={30}>
          {exactArea.toFixed(4)}
        </Text>

        {lift.element}
        {a.element}
        {b.element}
      </Mafs>

      {/* These classnames are part of the Mafs docs website—they won't work for you. */}
      <div className="p-4 border-gray-700 border-t bg-black text-white">
        Partitions:{" "}
        <input
          type="range"
          min={20}
          max={200}
          value={numPartitions}
          onChange={(event) =>
            setNumPartitions(+event.target.value)
          }
        />
      </div>
    </>
  )
}